1500 degrees means nothing unless it's sustained. 2000, then you would need concern.
Looking at your pistons..... you NEVER saw any decent heat. Period. They would have at least 2 or 3 cracks coming out of the bowls, and they don't. I've never had an engine apart that did any towing with stock pistons that did not have cracks.... so consider yours babied.
Secondly, if heat had opened a path for coolant to reach the crank, I would look for the cylinder head to be cracked between intake and exhaust deep enough to reach the cooling jacket. Remember...... if you were smoking the world out then the coolant was NOT flowing straight to the crank.... it had to be running into the CYLINDER....
In my experience this is a cracked head, although it could be the block, that is usually catastrophic as cylinder pressure will push a nice window through the wall at that point.
The lack of cracks in the pistons deter me from thinking exhaust gas temperature. Even stock trucks that tow heavy will have cracked pistons.
Lastly, in my experience, you can't tow with an OBS and no coolant gauge. I think that's now your experience too...
If you hurt the engine, it was with coolant, not exhaust gas temp. Remember.... your pistons are aluminum, nothing else is... If an engine gets hot enough from egt to hurt the heads or block the pistons will show it. If the engine actually runs hot, the pistons might be fine (although getting a bit tight, lol) while the heads are warping and being destroyed.
Look at the heads between intake and exhaust for cracks. Clean the pistons are see if they really are without cracks. If so, that thing never saw egt.
On Edit:
I've never seen a 7.3 without beautiful crosshatch.... no matter how hopeless the blow-by was, lol.