yes, it's essentially the same as putting a turbo on that's twice as big as stock...
go get you a VGT off of a big Cummins 18 wheeler and put it on... the truck isn't going to do anything. if you tighten the **** out of the VGT to try to get boost, it's just going to surge
I had a powermax VNT with a custom controller on my '06 Cummins. You can't magically overcome a compressor map with a variable turbine section, if you try to come up on boost early and you're on the wrong side of the surge line, the turbo will just sit there and bark.
as far as going with smaller turbos? the obvious first question is "WHY?"
beyond that, the problem with smaller turbos on a diesel is you typically run into less and less efficiency at high pressure ratios. a 6.0 is going to want 35-45psi or more. looking at tons of compressor maps, you'll note that as you go smaller on the compressor side, you typically go lower and lower on effective pressure ratio. Why that is, I don't know...
I'm not trying to come off as a high and mighty know-it-all, but in the 10+yrs the 6.0 has been out and with the countless numbers of performance minded enthusiasts that have owned them, I assure you that you're not the first person to consider this. I honestly feel the reason that you don't find many posts on the forums from guys saying "don't do it, I tried and it didn't work" is because they're embarrassed.
I have read a couple of those posts over the years, and while I commend a man for getting out there, getting dirty, and DOING something, I just kinda shake my head because it's painfully obvious how it's going to unfold... I'm lazy and hate wasting time/money/energy. I will admit that I've never been a front runner in this industry. I like to sit back and let other people burn the money on development. Then once there's a clear path as far as what works and what doesn't, I get on board! LOL
At the very least, this will be a great lesson for you in learning more about turbochargers, compressor maps, etc.
cheers